Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs - Essay Example These two levels, according to Maslow are closely related to each other. While love/belonging generally refers to emotionally-based relationship such as family and friends and safety needs concerns security and order in home and in the workplace. From Maslows perspective on human needs for recognition reward in the workplace, people will not need any sort of material reward if they themselves feel satisfied about the job they have done. In some organizations, an extrinsic reward system may not work because one of its main tenets is providing material rewards (i.e. bonus, gift checks, movie passes) just to persuade an individual to perform better in his work. â€Å"Its not sustainable; if you withdrew the reward, the motivation disappears† (DAusilio, â€Å"What Motivates†). DAusilio also writes in that it is hurts the intrinsic and â€Å"removes their innate desire to do it in his own† (â€Å"What

Consider Pip from Great Expectations and Ralph from Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Consider Pip from Great Expectations and Ralph from Lord of the Flies Essay Which character do you think gives the most realistic portrayal of childhood? Both of these novels contain depictions of childhood. An important fact to keep aware of is that in Dickens portrayal of childhood, there are adults present to mould Pip through his encounters with them, whereas Golding leaves his characters free from any guiding adult hand. Pips sister being on the rampage when she felt Joe or Pip had done the slightest thing wrong, is different to Ralphs experience of childhood on the island as the closest thing he has to an adult guide is Piggy, who whilst undoubtedly more intelligent than the other boys, lacks the respect and authority an adult commands. Pip and Ralph are alike however in their longing for a lack of adults, but then the delight of a realized ambition overcame him. In the middle of the scar he stood on his head and grinned at the reversed fat boy. No grown ups! Is what Golding tells us of Ralph, and similarly Dickenss Pip calls them all toadies and humbugs. Although these views both seem to concur that a lack of adults is definitely a good thing, they do differ somewhat, I do not believe Ralph would go so far as to call all adults toadies and humbugs and this is certainly to do with their different backgrounds. Ralph is a Home Counties lad with a father high up in the navy who knows that the queen has a drawer full of maps, whereas Pip is the adopted son of a blacksmith and although Ralphs lifestyle may not necessarily have been glamorous, it was much more homely and welcoming than the one Pip enjoys. The two novels are also set over a greatly differing time span. Lord of the Flies lasts perhaps several weeks at the most, whereas Pips childhood lasts several years in Great Expectations. Obviously this will play a part in how realistic their childhoods seem as we see no more than the blinking of an eye of Ralphs, but have a much more in depth viewing of Pips. Adults mould Pip throughout his childhood, and the most important adults involved in this are Pumblechook, Mr Wopsle and Pips sister. All of these have a tendency to look down on Pip, and it is for that reason that Joe is not included in the list, as he and Pip treat each other like equals. Ralph on the other hand has no guiding force behind him throughout all the time the reader knows him. Whereas Ralph is a very expressive child, he stands on his head and laughs and looks golden, Pip is not, in the early stages of the book, free from the tyranny of his sister. So there is a crucial difference between the two novels in that Ralph and his companions are free to be children without adult ideals being laid upon them, whereas Pip is expected to be a child the way society expects him to be, be grateful boy to them which bought you up by hand being a good example of this. A key aspect of childhood is Fear, fear of the dark, fear of the unknown and fear of adults to name but a few. Both authors work this aspect of childhood into their novels somehow. Dickens does this with Magwitchs young man a boy may lock his door, may be warm in bed, may tuck himself up, may draw the clothes over his head, may think himself comfortable and safe, but that young man will softly creep and creep his way to him and tear him open. All this to scare Pip into getting him some wittles and it works, from the language in that quote, it is obviously apparent that Dickens had a very good idea of childhood and its workings, on of the few things universal to children is that they do think bed to be the ultimate haven. Pip is scared by Magwitch into stealing from his sister, who he is already afraid of, and this is significant in that it shows Dickens had a very good grasp of what childhood was about, and is thus likely to have a very good portrait of childhood in his novel. Possibly even more significant than this is that Pip steals a file from Joe his trusted friend, and this also shows more understanding on Dickens part about children, they do not discriminate between close friends and others to the extent older people do. And so we see the counter part to this in Lord of the Flies, when alone and with no adults on the desert island the children feel the need for a fire and steal Piggys glasses to light it. Piggy is Ralphs main ally on the island, and certainly Ralph is Piggys only friend, so the situation is much akin to the one in Great Expectations but we do not see the same level of remorse from Ralph. Instead of Pips fearful I held tight to the leg of the table under the cloth, with both hands, and awaited my fate in anticipation of any retribution that may be dealt out, all that Golding says of the boys remorse at leaving Piggy blind and helpless is for Ralph to hand them back when done with them, and it is here that it seems as though Golding has a better understanding of children, he appreciates that their consciences are not yet fully developed as they are unable to grasp the implications of what they have done. The fear that grows apparent on the island however is not the same kind of fear as Pip experiences. One of the little-uns complains of a beastie, nonsense is the response he gets from Ralph, and yet The vivid horror of this, so possible and nakedly terrifying held them all silent. And it is here where the crux of the argument begins to form for Dickens having the better portrayal of childhood. The Beastie is in fact symbolic of the horror humans will create on the island, and the rest of Goldings novel is also mostly symbolic, whereas Great Expectations isnt. The natural reaction for Ralph and company to have is to try and ward of the beastie somehow, and thus the fire begins to become more than simply a rescue beacon. The relationships between characters is also a major part in the views we are offered of childhood. Golding uses the views of others to reveal aspects of the main characters, and so influence how we feel about them, Piggys view of Ralph and the others Like a crowd of kids - is supposed to make the reader feel that Piggy is far more mature, and that in turn Ralph is excessively immature, and childlike. Dickens however uses Pips perspective throughout the novel, and the language he uses differs greatly at the start as compared to the finish for the purposes of showing the transition between child and adult. For example I religiously entertained that they had been born on their backs with their hands in their trouser pockets is clearly not the impression an adult would get from having dead brothers or sisters, and most likely not the way they would describe them. However at the end of the book the language use has progressed to statements such as Oh, Joe, you break my heart! Look angry at me, Joe! Strike me, Joe! Tell me of my ingratitude. Dont be so good to me. This is a statement the younger Pip would have been incapable of making, ti shows the complex differences in language that Dickens appreciates children use as compared to adults. In Great Expectations Pip is not treated as an adult, he is treated as a particularly worthless child, and as such he forms negative opinions of the adult world he will have to grow into, that ass Pumblechook being just one example of the way Pip views this world, however Dickens also understands that childrens attitudes change very quickly, as does Golding, and so when Pip obtains Great Expectations and Pumblechook starts acting up to him, then he decides that maybe Pumblechook was a practical, sensible, good hearted fellow. This is also shown in Lord of the Flies because although by the end Ralph and Jack are literally at each others throats, when making the fire at the start Ralph finds a log that looks too heavy, but gets the reply of Not for the two of us! And so Golding shows the reader a glimmer of hope that the two may get along well, but they dont, and this demonstrates the inconsistency of children. Ralph has responsibility for the other boys on the island, and this causes him in many aspects to grow up. Instead of being completely child like and swimming, diving and running about, he gets worked up because the shelters havent been made and the other are incapable of concentrating And they keep running off. You remember the meeting? How everyone was going to work hard until the shelters were finished? This is not a very childlike statement, children get frustrated because they dont get their own way, Ralph is not saying Im the leader and they dont obey me but instead worrying that the community is beginning to tear apart, a concern more voiced on tabloid letter pages than childrens conversations. Pip however has no such responsibility, admittedly while he does some chores set him by his sister, or his lessons under Mr Wopsles great aunt that preposterous female, he is nowhere near as empowered as Ralph who has been voted to care for a few dozen boys. And so this also affects the childhood of the two we see, while Ralph had the easiest growing up previous to the novel (with his parents) as opposed to Pips dead parents and harsh sister, he is given a far more demanding role to play. And the way he deals with it is not very childlike; in fact it comes to eventually represent the way a tired adult may feel, worn down, beginning to despair and wondering why on earth hes taken the responsibility at all. And this is another key point to consider, Goldings children are literary metaphors for mankind, whereas Pip, although he teaches the reader about aspects of the human character, is not supposed to be representative of the whole human race, and so more likely to represent childhood better. Yet another fact to remember is that Golding and Dickens were writing in very different times. Dickens was writing in what was the height of Victorian England and was teaching about society in those days. Whereas Golding was writing after the World Wars and so was trying to tell a more global message. So his Ralph is, although a child, not necessarily entirely representative of one. Pip however is forced to be a child by the constraining presence of his sister, Pumblechook and eventually the bond apprenticing him to Joe, all things that represent Victorian society, and yet things that still apply today even if in a different form, such as parental control and discipline and mandatory education. Childhood on Goldings island is also not really something enjoyed particularly by Ralph and his peers, instead it is the littleuns who are the children, Ralph and the other bigger boys find themselves in the positions of adults simply because they are the biggest ones on the island. Perhaps because they are not completely mature at the time this does not help them deal with the events that happen on the island. There is possibly a case for saying that Pip too, is no ordinary child and has to grow up very fast in his attempts to impress Estella and grows up even more rapidly once he has his expectations laid upon him. However this is most likely a part of his childhood akin to the beginning of school and as this has been a part of life for every child in the last hundred years and more, this is not something that can be argued as not being a part of childhood. And most certainly at the start of the novel Pip is a child plain and simple, with no more worries than his sisters rampages. Another aspect of childhood to consider is trust and loyalty. Children are usually trusting unless something happens to make them otherwise. In Lord of the Flies, loyalty is shown by the twins and Piggys dedication to Ralph and their faith in him to get them through. Ralph however displays a special kind of loyalty, a loyalty to the good side of human nature and a deep trust in fair play. Pips trust however is in Joe and his own learning, but the trust is very temporary with Joe, it is more of a mutual agreement to be equals. And Pip is more than happy to trade his oldest friend for some money and a life in London. Here again we see that Dickens understands children are rarely consistent, whereas Golding is trying to use children as a metaphor for something much bigger. To conclude I believe that Pip is by far the better portrayal of childhood. Childhood does not generally involve the lack of adult presence to so huge an extent as it does in Lord of the Flies, however the battles of child against adult and adult society such as are seen in Great Expectations do occur almost universally. I think that some qualities the reader sees in Ralph, such as the headstands, do display the kind of innocent glee a child might express, but other than that Ralph and is peers are all examples of the human race and so representative of those who rule the world, adults, and not of children who merely inhabit it. Goldings book is a political message of its time, whereas Dickens was writing a novel, but his was free from the idealism that contaminates Goldings work. Dickens novel still had a point, but this point was made about the way in which his society worked and in particular his belief that money is a great corrupter. Therefore I believe that Dickens Pip is the most realistic portrayal of childhood as he behaves like a child, his expressions and attitudes are all those common to children. Dickens also displays a deep understanding of how children work, and this comes across in Pips actions. Goldings children however are only just recognisable as children, they could easily be replaced with full grown adults and still the story would work just as well.

Marketing Strategy for Unilever South Africa Essay -- Business Marketi

Marketing Strategy for Unilever South Africa UNILEVER COMPANY MISSION "Our purpose in Unilever is to meet the everyday needs of people everywhere - to anticipate the aspirations of our consumers and customers and to respond creatively and competitively with branded products and services which raise the quality of life". "Our deep roots in local cultures and markets around the world are our unparalleled inheritance and the foundation for our future growth. We will bring our wealth of knowledge and international expertise to the service of local consumers - a truly multi-local multinational." "Our long-term success requires a total commitment to exceptional standards of performance and productivity, to working together effectively and to a willingness to embrace new ideas and learn continuously. " "We believe that to succeed requires the highest standards of corporate behaviour towards our employees, consumers and the societies and world in which we live. " "This is Unilever's road to sustainable, profitable growth for our business and long-term value creation for our shareholders and employees" 2. COMPANY BACKGROUND Unilever is part of an Anglo Dutch fast moving consumer goods manufacturer and marketer, one of the largest of its kind in the world. Unilever South Africa is headquartered in Durban with facilities in Johannesburg, Stellenbosch, Durban as well as Pietermaritzburg and consists of four Operating Companies: Lever Pond's, Unifoods, Ola and Hudson & Knight. Unilever is also represented in South Africa by Elizabeth Arden. Because Unilever has a policy of marketing the brands and not the company. The result is that they have been an integral part of life in South Africa without the consumer bei... ...n, while 70% of the market is based in Gauteng.  It is also recommended that a Lube Engineer who is familiar with the pulp and paper industry be employed. Two people have already been brought on board for the retail sector and additional two have also been employed for cutting oils.  Another recommendations is that the current Training budget be increased from R17 000 to R67 000 in order to meet the training needs of this sector. The cutting oils sector, is very lucrative and will enable Caltex to meet its objective of attaining and increase in the market share of 5% by year end.  The detailed promotional strategies should also be embarked upon to ensure that increased brand awareness is attained, the financial implications of it, will be evident in the bottom line, as we forecast a 3.5% increase in sales by the end of 4 months.

Review of Medicine Literature

Review of Literature How is health promotion defined? Health promotion is a process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health (WHO, 2013). People involved in health promotion should consider the meaning of what do they think health means relating to themselves and to others. This will assist with clarifying outcomes and expectations (Edelman & Mandle, 2010, p. 3). In order for health promotion to have a successful outcome, people must take control over all aspects of their health and life. People must be held accountable for their life decisions. Health promotion is the science of helping people change their lifestyle and behaviors. This paper will discuss the purpose of health promotion, the nursing roles and responsibilities, implementation methods, and a comparison of the three levels of health promotion prevention. Purpose of Health PromotionThe purpose of health promotion is to provide education. The emergence with new computer technology allows for mu ch more access to knowledge. The internet and smart phones have a vast base of information. It provides all forms of information. People can then make an informed decision. The ultimate goal of the health promotion model is to promote a sense of well-being, not just the absence of disease (â€Å"GCU,†2013, p. 1). Health promotion is used on the private level, the public level, and also the community level (Edelman & Mandle, 2010.). These levels are all important for the educational process. Along with improving patient outcomes, health promotion helps to decrease the costs that are always increasing in healthcare.Nursing Roles and ResponsibilitiesNurses are responsible to educate patients in every aspect. They are  the primary care givers in the medical setting. The rapport that is developed leaves a lasting impression. They are able to discuss the positive aspects of prevention and how this can provide a better life for the patient. Nurses are advocates, consultants, care managers, educators, healers, and researchers. They are part of the multidisciplinary team that provides health promotion. Their roles and responsibilities develop gradually with the improvement of health. They educate in life changing activities with a holistic approach. This would include stress management, the introduction to healthy foods, the promotion of increased physical activity, the increased benefits of adequate sleep, the reduction of alcohol, and smoking cessation.ImplementationNurses implement health promotion by providing appropriate care to all patients. Culture and diversity should be taken into consideration. Nurses need to maintain the patients’ identity and privacy. They practice the code of moral principles and values. This is met by treating patients equal regardless of age, seriousness of disease, or different cultural background. Nurses can help implement programs. They can make patients aware of resources to provide a safe environment or a vaccination program for their children.Three Levels of Health PromotionThere are three levels of health promotion. These levels are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Prevention is not only inclusive of health promotion and preventing diseases, but also curing them and limiting the progression of disease. There is no distinctive flow pattern between the three levels, but there is an overlap at times. These three levels will be discussed in relationship to three recent journal articles.PrimaryThe primary level of health promotion is considered to be educational and preventative by nature. This is in process prior to a problem. The primary prevention article discusses motivational interviewing. Women have a lack of risk perception. Through screening, risk factors are brought to light. They should be screened for past medical history, family history, smoking, physical activity, and diet. Research suggests that women should be screened using the Framingham Risk Assessment  of 10-year Global Risk (Schroetter & Peck, 2008, p. 109). This is a risk predictor. It calculates a woman’s chance for experiencing a heart attack. Nurses should also promote awareness by the various government programs such as WISEWOMAN and Go Red for Women. These are two campaigns that increase awareness of heart disease.SecondarySecondary prevention consists of early detection and diagnosis, timely treatment, and limiting disability. This would encompass mass screening surveys and selective examinations used to prevent, spread, and cure the disease process. Through limiting disabilities and providing the adequate treatment, the goal would be to prevent progression of the disease and the complications associated with the disease. Secondary prevention of stroke has focused on medical and surgical interventions.Healthcare professionals should use a multimodal approach, combining optimal medical therapies with interventions designed to support patients to make changes in lifestyle behaviors (Lawrenc e, Fraser, Woods, & McCall, 2011, p. 42). This model consists of combining medical treatment (medications) with comprehensive dietary modifications and exercise. These medications would include aspirin, statins, and antihypertensives. Nurses need to have a good understanding of the risk factors for stroke. They should also know the recommendations for healthy lifestyle choices. Interventions should be tailored to each patient.TertiaryThe tertiary level is the care and education given after the diagnosis of a disease. This level also includes restoration and rehabilitation. It also includes educating the public with selective placement and various work therapies in the hospital setting. There are many vaccines that can be considered a preventative measure for infectious diseases. Any vaccination can be given to an oncology patient if there are no contraindications. The influenza vaccination is an example that will be utilized. It is a recommendation for cancer patients. A first recom mendation was made by a gynecologist.This was for the tertiary prevention with a patient with uterine cancer. Patients that are vaccinated have a significant longer survival period (Wiwanitkit, 2010, p. 339). The influenza vaccination can decrease the infection rate and mortality due to influenza. It has been  thought that oncology patients receive the vaccination. All three levels of health promotion are equal in that they educate. The difference in educating is related to the disease process and the patients’ willingness to learn.

A Review of “Todo Sobre Mi Madre (All About My Mother)” Essay

The Spanish culture has been known for its masculinity. Bullfighters, soccer players, and other manly figures are often associated with the image of the Spanish culture. They had even introduced the word â€Å"machismo† to the English language. One movie provides us a slice of the Spanish culture: â€Å"Todo Sobre Mi Madre (All About My Mother)†, a film written and directed by Pedro Almodà ³var. The film had received a wide reception both in Spain and other parts of the world. The film â€Å"Todo Sobre Mi Madre (All About My Mother)† talks about an issue that is very rarely associated with the Spanish culture: Womanhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story was basically about Manuela’s search for the father of her dead son, Esteban. Manuela did not tell her son anything about his real father, she only told her that he was already dead long before he was born. However, Esteban wanted to know his father better than her mother’s one-sentence description. As the driving conflict of the story, Esteban died and his notebook revealed that he desired to know his father. It would be revealed that Esteban’s real father was a prostitute transvestite with the name Lola. The search for the man named Lola had set Manuela’s life in a rollercoaster ride full of unpredictable turns and loops. During the course of the search, Manuela meets colorful people that would make her realize that life is still worth living.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Almodà ³var’s plot could be described as unpredictable, which gives the film realism. Conflicts are introduced one after another, and at some points intertwined. The camera work was executed with high regard to modern aesthetics. The characters were beautifully designed, some so realistic but most are certainly peculiar. Manuela’s search for Lola had led her back to the underground world of Barcelona, where transvestites were not an uncommon. The underground version of Barcelona is certainly a visual treat to the audience to an unfamiliar yet colorful world. There, Manuela meets up with old friends, like Agrado, and some new ones. In addition, through those new relationships, Manuela had somehow managed to heal a portion of the wound inflicted by the death of her son.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The film’s highlighting of womanhood in the Spanish context is admirable. From the title alone, â€Å"All About My Mother†, the audience are immediately notified that this would be a story about a woman. Even the name of the protagonist Manuela, supposedly derived from a man’s name: Manuel, suggests that this film would talk about womanhood. But the most interesting aspect of the film is the inclusion of a transvestite. It would be helpful to reiterate that the Spanish culture takes pride on its oozing masculinity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, womanhood was not entirely glorified by the film. It seems that the film had utilized a negative and rather offensive stereotype to women. In the initial part of the story, Manuela had told Esteban that his father had died long before he was born. It would not take long that the audience would discover that Manuela is telling a lie. There are other points within the narrative that a woman (and the woman-like) would tell lies. It seems that Almodà ³var is arguing that Spanish women make lies, not because there is a lack of morals, but for the benefit of others, much like a white lie. Manuela did not inform Esteban about the unconventional truth about his father, supposedly to protect her son from the implications of having a transvestite for a father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Almodà ³var’s casting of a woman protagonist and transsexual males could be interpreted as a social satire, but if we try to analyze the intention behind the film, we are likely to arrive at a positive note. â€Å"Todo Sobre Mi Madre (All About My Mother)† becomes a representative for the Spanish culture. Other cultures who would watch the film would realize that the Spanish community is not all about machismo. The film somewhat deconstructs the stereotyped image of the Spanish culture as being male-dominated. The film is seemingly arguing that the Spanish women are just as interesting as Spanish men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, Almodà ³var’s â€Å"Todo Sobre Mi Madre (All About My Mother)† shares the culture of the Spaniards in a new yet more vibrant light. The English subtitles are really helpful for those without a background on the Spanish language. However, the original language should be preserved for the audience to have a distinct Spanish experience. Bibliography ALMODÓVAR, P. (1999) â€Å"Todo Sobre Mi Madre (All About My Mother)†   

Essay on The Punic Wars

Essay on The Punic Wars Essay on The Punic Wars The Punic Wars The omnipotent Roman Empire, constructed over centuries and established itself as the most influential organization in history. From the form of government we still use, to the art of war, and the philosophy that intrigues us today, we owe the Romans credit for changing our lives, even today. But what caused the urge for Rome to become so grand? The Punic Wars gave Rome a taste of what it was like to have power, riches, eminence, and fueled their expansion to transcendence. Before the first Punic War erupted, tension had built up over years between Rome and Carthage. To the people of that time, it seemed natural for a more supreme nation to have total domination over all the weaker ones. Rome and Carthage were the two most powerful nations of that region and as their power rose, so did the tension. By 265 BC, Rome controlled most of the Italian Peninsula, and was looking to expand. Sicily was the first region Rome looked to conquer but Carthage had taken control a majo r port at Messina that connected eastern and western Roman trade. With that, the race for domination had begun. With Carthage’s expansion into Roman territory, the tension bursted and the first Punic War broke out. In an attempt to start war with Rome, Carthage seized a vital port and strait that connected trade between east and west Rome. With this, Rome eagerly declared war with Carthage with the goal to dominate the other at their expense. Carthage had a more supreme navy, but Rome had a stronger army. To get onto Carthaginian shores, Rome would need to get past Carthage’s fleets of ships. To complete this task, Rome invented the crow, a large wooden plank with a nail at the end to connect two ships and raid the other, turning a disadvantage into an advantage. With this ingenuity, African shores were now accessible to Roman armies. Twenty-three years after the beginning of the war, Carthage surrendered. In return for all the fighting and blood shed that the first Pu nic War caused, Rome received complete ownership of Sicily and Carthage had to pay an immense indemnity. The first punch of the fight between Rome and Carthage had landed in Rome’s favor, and not needing to worry about Carthage for the moment, they could set their eyes on territorial expansion. In the time between the first and second Punic War, Rome looked to expand in all aspects. Three years after the war, mercenaries rebelled on the islands of Sardinia and Corsica. The mercenaries asked for Rome’s assistance for when Carthage would send their armies to take back the islands. Rome declared the islands annexed from Carthage, and when Carthage protested, Rome threatened to declare war. Still recovering from war and paying off their indemnity, Carthage was in no shape to go to war and gave up the islands. Adding insult to injury, Rome then seized control of the islands and increased the indemnity. In 229 BC, Rome had the chance to prove their new prominent navy. Illyri an pirates harassed Roman ships on the open seas. Rome sent a military expedition and swiftly wiped out the pirates, doing so, they took control of Illyria itself. Rome also set their sights on the Po Valley in Gaul. They defeated many tribes and expanded to all northern Italian lands below the Alps. Expansion into Sardinia, Corsica, Illyria, Cisalpine Gaul, enlarged their territory, population and increased their volume of trade. After Carthage recovered from the first Punic War, they gained control of Spain, triggering Rome’s appetite to gain further control of Carthage increased. The battle for their corner of the world got even more heated as the tensions between the son of the leader of Carthage during the first Punic War, Hannibal, was hungry for revenge. Rome, expanding in mass, trade, and volume, saw this as threat for their well-being and a threat to commerce. As Hannibal and his forces started in Spain and moved their way through Europe, they had to overcome a major obstacle, the Alps. They proved

The Stanley Parable Analysis Essays

The Stanley Parable Analysis Essays The Stanley Parable Analysis Paper The Stanley Parable Analysis Paper Instead of going upstairs to check out the bosss office, I went downstairs out of sheer curiosity. I was led into a parking garage where there was a single car parked with its lights on. I did not possess the courage to walk up to the car and look Into the window because I scare easily and going into this game without knowing anything about It, I was thoroughly convinced at this point that It would feature some pop-out/screamer element to it that I did not want to fall prey to. I avoided the car and walked into the adjacent room, wherein the narrator began describing Stanley thought process. He came to the realization that he was dreaming and started to command the dream, seeing a field of stars In front of him and feeling himself float. Then he became tired of dreaming and wanted to Just wake up next to his wife, so he closed his eyes and the screen went black for me as Stanley willed himself to wake up for a lengthy yet calming period of time in darkness. The eyes opened back up and I was still in the same endlessly repeating set of rooms as I was in the entire time. The narrator said that Stanley began to scream over and over out of insanity and the edges of the screen reddened and finally went black. That play through closed with an image of Stanley lying face down on a sidewalk with a woman staring at him because the narrator tells me that he was Leary a crazy man, walking around town and screaming until he collapsed on the street. The longest play through that I experienced was when I chose to ignore the narrators Instructions from the fork of the two doors. I chose the right door and moved past several rooms in which the narrator scolded Stanley for not proceeding with. Entering a room with a crane, I had it transport me to the other side of the room. From there, I entered a room with a single telephone that was ringing, apparently from a woman who Is In a very close yet recently strained relationship with Stanley as I gathered from the narrators description. I saw that there was a power chord leading to the wall socket from the phone, so I unplugged It and the narrator became aware of the fact that I was a player controlling Stanley. I was then shown an old, grainy, AS-stylized short film on the subject of choice. The narrator had me go back to the room with the two doors. I selected the right door once again and could not proceed from there because it appeared as if had broken the games infrastructure because the scenery and game objects had begun to implode on I OFF themselves Ana run Into can toner. I en narrator Ana grown very angry Witt me Ana hut the game down. When I came to again, I was above the ceiling with Stanley below. I was able to see all of him and the narrators voice came in again, this time muffled because I was technically above the room. The credits rolled for that play through and I had beaten/broke the game. The shortest play through I experienced was very similar to the last one. I had taken notice that when I had to take the crane back to the office, the narrator had put on restrictive gates so as to prevent me from stepping off across the way. I repeated the same process until reaching that room and had the crane take me all the way up ND then I plummeted to my death down below. The narrator was displeased. On the next play through, I decided to adhere to the narrators instructions, but I could not help myself and I disobeyed after a certain point. I went up the stairs instead of down, like the first time, and I went into the bosss room. It was empty and I was prompted by the narrator to punch in a four-digit code behind the bosss desk. A secret door was revealed, which I followed and then took an elevator downstairs. It seemed that I was entering an underground system and I saw a room labeled the Mind Control area, however a passageway to the left of it featuring a cardboard sign with escape crudely written on it seemed more appealing to me, so I ventured in that direction. As per usual, the narrator wanted me to return to the path that he intended for Stanley, but I persisted down this narrow hallway and eventually fell down a chute where I was on a conveyer belt, soon to be pounded into a cube of meat. Just as I was destroyed, a female narrator took over and I saw light of day once more inside an unfamiliar environment. It was a white museum dedicated to game prices and facts about the development stages of the game itself, which I found very neat and explored the place for about ten minutes. Once I exited, I was returned to the conveyer belt and subsequently smashed, having no choice but to start the game over again, as hastily instructed by the female narrator. On another play through, I spent time in the office that Stanley began in to observe if there was something I was missing from the beginning to help open up another aspect of the game that I had yet to discover. I found that I was able to close the door on myself, bringing about an ending of the game where the narrator expressed that Stanley was too nervous to leave his office and instead Just waited for what seemed like eternity. My favorite play through was probably the first one where Stanley thought he was dreaming and then blacked out from screaming out of insanity. The play through scared me to the bone, but it was an incredibly immerse experience and I was legitimately frightened to continue from the moment I entered the parking garage, but the fact that the game was able to shake me up to that degree really impresses The only confusion that I experienced when I began the game was story related. I as at a loss for what direction the story would unfold in and what sort of tonality it had. The controls themselves were very simple and implicit enough that I picked them up very quickly. As far as how to play the game is concerned, I also picked up on the fact that the narrator does not have to be obeyed all of the time and the game usually becomes more enjoyable once he is ignored. Most AT ten game Is comprises AT emergent narrative Decease ten gamely consists of whatever the individual player chooses to do. If you sat two players down across from each other and had them each start the game, they would assuredly venture own different pathways, making the narrated elements to the story different for the both of them. The only embedded narrative occurs before the player has control of Stanley, when a brief cut scene is shown of Stanley at his desk accompanied by narration describing his workday and Job requirements. A mystery that I explored in the game was the unlocking of the achievement listed on Steam that claimed that knocking on door 430 five times would give me an achievement. I had Stanley perform this task and the narrator immediately became aware of my desire to unlock the achievement, so he kept upping the ante from five knocks to twenty, fifty, five more, and then he even had me knock on other doors. At one point, he asked me to knock on the copy machine, but I could not find a copy machine and accidentally entered an area where the door behind me locked and I could not reenter. Although I was not able to complete this mystery, it did reveal that the game has an extremely self-aware sense of humor. This made the narrative more meaningful because on subsequent plays, I was more eager to test the narrators patience, which lead to some very funny story devices, (my personal favorite being the broom closet).

What You Need to Know About the Epic Poem Beowulf

What You Need to Know About the Epic Poem 'Beowulf' Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic poem in the English language and the earliest piece of vernacular European literature. Perhaps the most common question readers have is what language Beowulf was written in originally. The first manuscript was written in the language of the Saxons, Old English, also known as Anglo-Saxon. Since then, the epic poem has been estimated to have been translated into 65 languages. However, many translators have struggled to maintain the flow and alliteration present within the complex text. Origins of Beowulf Little is known about this famous epic poems origins, unfortunately. Many believe that Beowulf may have been composed as an elegy for a king who died in the seventh century, but little evidence indicates who that king may have been. The burial rites described in the epic show a great similarity to the evidence found at Sutton Hoo, but too much remains unknown to form a direct correlation between the poem and the burial site. The poem may have been composed as early as around 700 C.E.  and evolved through many retellings before it was finally written down. Regardless, whoever  the original author may have been is lost to history. Beowulf  contains many  pagan  and folkloric elements, but there are undeniable Christian themes as well. This dichotomy has led some to interpret the epic as the work of more than one author. Others have seen it as symbolic of the transition from paganism to Christianity in  early medieval Britain. The extreme delicacy of the manuscript, the perceived two separate hands that inscribed the text, and the complete lack of clues to the identity of the author make a realistic determination difficult at best. Originally untitled, in the 19th century the poem was eventually  referred to by the name of its Scandinavian hero, whose adventures are its primary focus. While some historical elements run through the poem, the hero and the story are both fictional. History of theManuscript The sole manuscript of Beowulf  dates to around the year 1000. Handwriting style reveals that it was inscribed by two different people. Whether either scribe embellished or altered the original story is unknown. The earliest known owner of the manuscript was 16th-century scholar Lawrence Nowell. In the 17th century, it became part of Robert Bruce Cottons collection and is therefore known as Cotton Vitellius A.XV.  The manuscript is now in the British Library, although in 1731 the manuscript suffered irreparable damage in a fire. The first transcription of the poem was made by Icelandic scholar Grà ­mur Jà ³nsson Thorkelin in 1818. Since the manuscript has decayed further, Thorkelins version is highly prized, yet its accuracy has been questioned. In 1845, the pages of the manuscript were mounted in paper frames to save them from further damage. This protected the pages, but it also covered some of the letters around the edges. In 1993, the British Library initiated the Electronic Beowulf Project. Through the use of special infrared and ultraviolet lighting techniques, the covered letters were revealed as electronic images of the manuscript were made. TheStory Beowulf is a fictional prince of the Geats of southern Sweden who comes to Denmark to help King Hrothgar rid his fabulous hall, Heorot, of a terrible monster known as Grendel. The hero mortally wounds the creature, who flees the hall to die in its lair. The next night, Grendels mother comes to Heorot to avenge her offspring and kills one of Hrothgars men. Beowulf tracks her down and kills her, then returns to Heorot, where he receives great honors and gifts before returning home. After ruling the Geats for half a century in peace, Beowulf must face a dragon who threatens his land. Unlike his earlier battles, this confrontation is terrible and deadly. He is deserted by all his retainers except his kinsman Wiglaf, and though he defeats the dragon he is mortally wounded. His funeral and a lament end the poem. The Impact of Beowulf Much has been written about this epic poem, and it will surely continue to inspire scholarly investigation and debate, both literary and historical. For decades students have undertaken the difficult task of learning Old English in order to read it in its original language. The poem has also inspired fresh creative works, from Tolkiens Lord of the Rings to Michael Crichtons Eaters of the Dead, and it will probably continue to do so for centuries to come. Translations of Beowulf Originally written in Old English, the first translation of the poem was into Latin by Thorkelin, in connection with his transcription of 1818. Two years later Nicolai Grundtvig made the first translation into a modern language, Danish. The first translation into modern English was made by J. M. Kemble in 1837. In total, it is estimated that the epic poem has been translated into 65 languages.   Since then there have been many modern English translations. The version done by Francis B. Gummere in 1919 is out of copyright and freely available at several websites. Many more recent translations, in both prose and verse form, are available today.

Chus experience in The Mural as an allegory Essay - 1

Chus experience in The Mural as an allegory - Essay Example This is very apparent in the Most Arrogant Man in France, whereby Petra Chu examines the various eras in the works of Gustave Courbet based in the way she uses the rhetorical language. During the 19th century, journalists, artists and writers from France endured suppression by the government. In salon Rhetoric, how The painter’s Studio gives an example of the art in time, conjuring up the trope, irony and allegory as a mechanism of freedom, sovereignty and censure (Chu 1-238). As Michael fried asserted that the progress within the French art was evidenced in the paintings, Chu on the other hand, looks at evolution in terms of social-political circumstances that are within the artwork. This is, to an extent in line with Nochlin and Rubin, however, in her research, Chu illustrates that the way Courbet uses the real allegory is as though it’s a device for emancipation. There have been different and numerous interpretations concerning courberts images but Chus perceive them differently. She says that most of Courbet’s artistic work merely purposed to produce a commodity in order to make a living out of it, but she viewed in a very different perspective. She continues to say, Courbet may have been pressured by life to produce various commodities in order to make a sell out of it without considering the image that the commodities displayed to the public. Chu cites one of the letters sent by Courbet to Thà ©ophile Gautier "if I am making art, or rather, if I am attempting to make it, it is first of all to make a living from it."(Chu 13). As we see, Courbet produced commodities after experiencing financial hardships without necessary being concerned the type of message that his commodities portrayed to the world. Chu perceives the pictures in a deeper angle than we can think off. For example, Chu illustrates Courbet may be deeply appealed by some subjects, for instance the fleshy nudes and the deep caverns. In such paintings and images, Chu sees the role of

Management of Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management of Decision Making - Essay Example SSM being a user centered design approach concentrates mainly on the people involved with the problem and focus on the specific problems secondarily. It also aims at analyzing the problem from different perspectives. SSM provides an effective and efficient way to carry out an analysis of the processes in which technological processes and human activities are interdependent. This paper envisages making a case study of the problems faced by stake holders and various other entities dealing with a particular branch of a Local bank and how SSM approach provides a solution to the problem identified: SSM involves various key stages in its implementation like, identifying and defining the problem situation and expressing them in the context of relevance to human factors involved, creating relevant root definitions and thereby evolving conceptual models measuring performance. Such models created would then be compared with the real world to assess the requirement of any desirable or necessary changes and finally recommending the corrective action to be taken. To understand and deal with the structured problem one should have answers to such questions as who are the key players, what their perception of the situation is, what processes are going on now and what the organized structures are: In our example the basic details about the organization Bank Muscat must be studied to apply SSM. Bank Muscat is the largest Bank in Oman with a strong presence in consumer banking, corporate banking, Investment Banking, Asset Management, private banking and project finance. The bank has a network of over 90 branches in Oman and a representative office in Dubai. Bank Muscat has interests in India and Bahrain. The Brach is headed by an efficient manager of the Bank Mr.Salim Ali Al Busaidi and assisted by Assistant Manager Nawal Salman Al Rawabi with additional staff to

Mainstreaming students with disabilities Into regular classrooms Assignment

Mainstreaming students with disabilities Into regular classrooms - Assignment Example Some of the benefits coming along with the mainstreaming include higher academic performance for the mainstreamed students, improved self-esteem by the disability students and improved socialization skills on all the students among others (de Boer, Pijl, & Minnaert, 2011). 3. Unlike fully included disabilities students, those mainstreamed for some class sessions may feel socially isolated and more conspicuous that those fully included. Most of the mainstreamed students, research shows, would rather be in an environment where the students are at almost the same academic level and with the same needs. 4. The schools with mainstreamed programs are required by law to provide additional specialized services to suit these students and therefore a higher cost of education. The problem with this requirement is that they are not provided with additional funding to help in the support of this program. The average cost of educating a student with a single disability, for example, has been estimated to be up to 1.6 times that of the regular student. This estimation however does not cater for students with multiple learning disabilities that may require more specialized learning services. 2. If the idea of mainstreaming is one that is fully embraced, professional training and regular seminars and sessions can be offered to regular teachers to help them be well equipped to handle the needs and academic needs of the children with disabilities. 3. To deal with social isolation, the level of support accorded to mainstreamed students should not be so exclusive the aides should also be available to help regular students to remove the stigma and conspicuous nature of this added attention. 4. The ministry in charge of education and special education should be able to come up with ways to increase funding to cater for the mainstreamed students. Equally, the parents should be encouraged to

Managing Information 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Information 1 - Essay Example Information system strategy incorporates the use of information technology and a range of software and hardware products that make the system efficient and fully functional (Carry 1988). According to Lucey (2005, p. 4) states, â€Å"the processing of data into information and communicating the resulting information to the user are the very essence of an MIS†. To align corporate strategy with information management mechanisms, companies need to integrate the use of management information systems in all departments. Management information system deals with the use of IT tools in speeding up business processes (Martin 2010). Some of the main fields for which integration of information systems can be useful include system analysis and design, artificial intelligence, health informatics, databases, software engineering, decision making, project management, and knowledge management. As Burke (n.d.) states, â€Å"MIS, or management information systems, are used to manage the data cr eated within the structure of a particular business†. ... related information, assists managers in developing corporate strategies based on information, helps in documentation of processed information, and assists managers in taking critical business decisions. The main purpose of using an information management system is to make effective use of latest IT tools and technologies that can support managers’ attempts to make efficient use of business information, as well as help them in carrying out different business related tasks and operations. Use of information systems has become almost essential in aligning business strategies with the corporate strategy because it establishes a useful link between technology and organizational departments along with providing assistance to the officials in carrying out business operations. In today’s world of competition, information systems are considered to be most significant essentials of success for any company or organization because it helps companies in taking right business decisi on in accordance with the corporate business strategy regarding any matter based on stored information. Information systems collect helps in collecting raw data, as well as in converting the data into useful information in such a way that it can be categorized and sent to concerned authorities (Earl 1988). We can take example of Carlson Investment Solutions Inc., which is a London based firm that deals with providing investment suggestions to clients based on information analysis (See appendix 1). The system works for the company in such a way that it stores all information and presents to the concerned departments is in the form of a well-documented report (Taken from Interview, case study). The system helps companies in setting and achieving long-term strategic goals and objectives (Earl 1996). The

The Christian Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Christian Tradition - Essay Example The moral issue regarding homosexuality is clear. Actually gays and lesbians are immoral people and do immoral acts, at least according to the Bible. Homosexuality violates many Christian principles. However, homosexuals should be loved and accepted even though we cannot accept their homosexuality. The issue regarding homosexuality is actually based on whether it is an individual’s choice or not. If it is an individual’s choice, then homosexuality is evil and the homosexual who practices it deserves to be criticized. However, if there is a reason that homosexuality is not an individual’s choice like it is genetic, then it means that homosexuality is not such a bad thing after all because it is beyond human control. According to a study by Allen and Gorski of the University of California in 1992, â€Å"The midsagittal plane of the anterior commissure in homosexual men was 18% larger than in heterosexual women and 34% larger than in homosexual men† (Allen & Gorski). This means that a part of the brains of homosexual men are actually larger than the brains of heterosexual men. A group of Swedish scientists from the Karolinska Institute also had the same findings. According to the researchers, the brains of gay men have the same sizes as the brains of heterosexual women (Park). ... and should help solve the discrimination and hatred that homosexuals experience, especially that homosexual hate groups are usually based at the church. Therefore, the Church must begin the campaign to help homosexuals, and the Church should also remain open-minded at all times. After all, Jesus said, â€Å"Love your neighbor as yourself,† he particularly did not say, â€Å"Love your neighbor s as yourself† except if he is gay (Mt. 22:39, New International Version). Therefore, in following the footsteps of Christ, a Christian should therefore be the first to understand the grieving homosexual, because Christian love is supposed to be universal. However, even though some scientists and experiments say that homosexuality has a genetic basis and that it is not the homosexual’s fault to be homosexual, the Church maintains its opinion against homosexuality. According to the Book of Leviticus in the Bible, which says, â€Å"You must not have sexual intercourse with a male as one has sexual intercourse with a woman; it is a detestable act† (Lev. 18:22). God is advising a Jewish man here and so God does not agree that it is all right for a man to have sex with another man. The Book of Leviticus is the book of Law of Moses, and therefore it should be obeyed and followed. Homosexuality violates other passages of the Bible. In the Book of Genesis, the men of Sodom want to have sex with the male angels who accompany Lot. They ask him, â€Å"Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them?† (Gen. 19:5). Then, later on, God destroys Sodom and Gomorrah. Thus, we assume that God destroys these cities because of their many moral violations including homosexuality. Another violation of homosexuality is against Romans 1:26-27: â€Å"Even

Managing Information 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Information 1 - Essay Example Information system strategy incorporates the use of information technology and a range of software and hardware products that make the system efficient and fully functional (Carry 1988). According to Lucey (2005, p. 4) states, â€Å"the processing of data into information and communicating the resulting information to the user are the very essence of an MIS†. To align corporate strategy with information management mechanisms, companies need to integrate the use of management information systems in all departments. Management information system deals with the use of IT tools in speeding up business processes (Martin 2010). Some of the main fields for which integration of information systems can be useful include system analysis and design, artificial intelligence, health informatics, databases, software engineering, decision making, project management, and knowledge management. As Burke (n.d.) states, â€Å"MIS, or management information systems, are used to manage the data cr eated within the structure of a particular business†. ... related information, assists managers in developing corporate strategies based on information, helps in documentation of processed information, and assists managers in taking critical business decisions. The main purpose of using an information management system is to make effective use of latest IT tools and technologies that can support managers’ attempts to make efficient use of business information, as well as help them in carrying out different business related tasks and operations. Use of information systems has become almost essential in aligning business strategies with the corporate strategy because it establishes a useful link between technology and organizational departments along with providing assistance to the officials in carrying out business operations. In today’s world of competition, information systems are considered to be most significant essentials of success for any company or organization because it helps companies in taking right business decisi on in accordance with the corporate business strategy regarding any matter based on stored information. Information systems collect helps in collecting raw data, as well as in converting the data into useful information in such a way that it can be categorized and sent to concerned authorities (Earl 1988). We can take example of Carlson Investment Solutions Inc., which is a London based firm that deals with providing investment suggestions to clients based on information analysis (See appendix 1). The system works for the company in such a way that it stores all information and presents to the concerned departments is in the form of a well-documented report (Taken from Interview, case study). The system helps companies in setting and achieving long-term strategic goals and objectives (Earl 1996). The

Criminal Investigation - Cover Identity and Story Assignment

Criminal Investigation - Cover Identity and Story - Assignment Example There were people who sold drugs there and were involved in other criminal activities like stealing, terrorizing people, and so on. We formed a gang of our own and started enjoying activities such as troubling and terrorizing people, stealing things and snatching money from people. My mother was worried about my sisters and me. She enrolled me in a nearby school, but I always ran away from there to join my friends. I got arrested thrice till now. Once because of a street fight when I was sent to children’s jail, then because of stealing and hitting a woman in the juvenile jail and then once more to juvenile jail because of breaking in a house. Otherwise, I am the good player at doing certain activities for which, I get away without being arrested. Every time when I was arrested, I met with new friends who supported me in my life. I started living away from my mother and sisters when I turned fifteen. I do not know anything about them now, as I lead a self-reliant life now. I do not like to live with family or friends, as I like a lonely and independent life. However, I enjoy drinking and playing games with friends. Previously, I was in California and I ran from there because I had a clash with some people who tried to kill me. I need a place to live and want some work so that I can earn something for my survival. I can also live with someone who is ready to accommodate me and I can do the work that he assigns me to whatever nature it is. I can do all the works that a person can do. I can sell products legal or illegal as I have already sold drugs before in California. Nevertheless, you know that I have left the place now, so everything here is new for me and I want someone to help me. Part II: In two to three pages, explain how you chose this identity and how you will make it work. How does it fit your knowledge and experience? How will you remember your story and keep your statements/facts consistent? I chose the identity of a criminal with the help of Kozol’s book, â€Å"Fire in the Ashes: Twenty-five years among the poorest children in America."  Ã‚  

Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Example for Free

Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde' Essay Stevensons Jekyll and Hyde is an examination and comment on mankinds dual-nature and societys need to allow the existence of one type of behaviour. Jekyll is a product of this society and Hyde is his alter ego. Stevenson creates evil within Victorian London and explores its effect and the public reaction to it. He allows it to grow leading to tragic consequences. Evil is represented in many ways, much of which is centred on Hyde himself and societys rejection to him. Victorian London was a dark, foggy, mysterious place, there were a lot of back alleys and secret hideouts in that town, where absolutely anything could happen, London was startled by a crime of singular ferocity, a fog rolled over the city, (both p31) This was the perfect setting for a book like The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde because there wasnt a setting to create, it was already there for Stevenson to use. The book is a mysterious gothic-horror, involving murders. With London the scene is already set for a book like this, with all the dark, dingy, old and smelly back-alleys, anything could happen, some city in a nightmare. (p34) Jekyll and Hyde was in many ways, similar to the events around Jack the Ripper, it was also written at about the same time as those events happened, so it was constantly compared to it, even though the two were totally different and not related in anyway, and neither influenced the other. The reason for their comparisons is the fact that they both involved murders, both also involved people having two sides to their personalities, Hyde is the evil person, while Jekyll is the respectable public face. Jack the Ripper was a murderer, and his public face was a respectable doctor (or who they thought was a respectable doctor)`, who no one would have ever expected to be murdering people. That is directly related to the Science vs. Religion argument about people, which is also directly linked to Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection, which at the time the book, Origin of Species book was published was considered as a terrible thought. Charles Darwin went far over seas in the late 1800s because he was an ecologist, someone who studies environments, ecosystems and animals. When he went over seas, he found his way eventually to the Galapagos Islands. The islands are off of the west cost of South America, and are around the equatorial area. He noticed that some species of animals had changed, evolved in different ways, depending on the environments, the island the species on animals were living on, so that that animal could, be more efficient at being able to live. This is a theory that different species of animals evolve in different ways according to their environments, this is known as The Theory of Evolution Through Natural Selection. This was, of cause, a very big thing to say, as these challenged Christian beliefs, which state that God created all beings. Darwins theory was totally different to this because he said that animals change to create new animals to suit their environments. Stevenson believed that people can have many different personalities within themselves and that they can be separated. There was a civilised, public face, and a primitive, instinctual, and quite possibly evil side to each person. He showed this by writing the book Jekyll Hyde, which shows how someone managed to separate themselves into two people, Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde. The Victorian times were the age of Hypocrisy, where people were expected to do/act in a certain way whether or not they agreed with those standards or not. People, especially men, as in those day men were considered more important, were expected to be polite, wear suits, act in certain ways. This is why Jekyll Hyde is much more than a gothic story, it is a criticism of Victorian ways. Jekyll is a man driven by Victorian values, to be a perfect social figure, Jekyll, gets his pleasure through Hyde, a person who doesnt care what people think, he doesnt care about Victorian values, he has no care for them, he just wants to do whatever he likes. Stevenson based Jekyll and Hyde on a dream he had, his wife woke him up from it. After the dream he complained that he didnt get to see the full dream. He kept on having this dream/nightmare, so he decided to turn it into a book. He wrote a first draft, and read it to his wife, she didnt agree with it, so he burnt the copy and re-wrote the entire story again in three days. His book was obviously also influenced by society and the fact that people are expected to act in a certain way whether they want to or not. He was brought up in Edinburgh and Stevenson loved the old, dark side of the town with the back alleys and the mysterious areas, this was the setting for the back alley in which Hydes door is situated. The idea of duplicity, living a double, both being separate, one being secret, just like Jekyll and Hyde. Stevenson had a proper upbringing, as a child he was very sickly and had a lot of nightmares, Jekyll and Hyde probably originated in his mind that early in his life. Stevenson was also highly influenced by other works, other horror stories such as ones written by Deacon Brodie, Mary Shelly, (Frankenstein), and other gothic horror writers. He used some of the ideas in other peoples ideas, as well as incorporating his own to create the book Jekyll Hyde. All of these books show how people can change, how than can be different, how they can be split into different people. Jekyll decided to conduct experiments upon himself to try and see if her could split himself up. He initially wanted to split himself into a good side and a bad side, and by doing this he hoped that he would be able to ignore the evil side, so it wouldnt affect him, leaving him as a good person ridding himself of the bad side. He decided he was going to do this when he began to think that Victorian rules were wrong, he didnt agree with the value that one must do this, or one shall not do that. He thought that was wrong. So when he spilt himself up into Jekyll and Hyde he thought he could rid himself of Hyde, but he couldnt, he realised, as Hyde he could do what he liked, and no one would care because he is still respectable Jekyll at the same time. He had no care for rules. Hyde is a brutal person, and brutal is used when you do something and you dont care about what might happen to you after. He has no care for societys rules. Brutal is associated with ape-ish behaviour, meaning that he is a lowing being. He does the brutality out of instincts, because animals like apes act totally on instincts whether they are right or wrong. Because Hyde has such an instinctive nature, he is able to get his pleasures much easier, it is easier for him to do these things, and he doesnt care what happens. Jekyll thinks he can become Hyde just when he wants his pleasures, when he wants to do what he likes. But Hyde starts to take over as a character, he starts to become the dominant person, he gets stronger. Then the transformations between Jekyll and Hyde become involuntary, uncontrolled, and unpredicted, almost as if the two personalities were fighting each other. At first Jekyll doesnt mind changing into Hyde but after a while he gets scared, because he is scared about what eh might do as Hyde, he like being him, being able to do anything he likes, but he starts to get about what he might actually do as Hyde. He is only driven to this because he cant stand Victorian society so he splits himself so he can be great in one. The thing we have to remember is that Hyde is Jekyll, Hyde is the evil essence in Jekyll, which means that Jekyll has that brutality within him, which show that everyone does, we all have these features, but ours are not spilt into different personalities. Jekyll kept Hyde being himself secret because people would want to interfere or than would be utterly scared by what they have seen, it would frighten them literally to death. (Utterson Lanyon) In Victorian London Christians would think that unleashing ones evil side is a terrible thing. It would be like unleashing a Devil within everyone. The people who are doing it would be condemned, it would be considered so terrible the consequences of doing and what the Christians thought of you would be horrific. Hyde is evil. People what to physically hurt him when they see him because he has got such a horrible face. He is brutal, he doesnt care about what he doing, he doesnt care about what people think about him, he has no care for a civilised society; which shows he has a very primitive mind. He has no conscience, he just doesnt care about anything, and he doesnt feel any regret for anything he has done, and he doesnt feel any remorse for any of the murders he has committed. He also relies totally on his instincts, he always follows his instincts like an animal. He has no moral values. He is only concerned with pleasure he gets out of being anti-social. Hyde represents evil in us all, he represents our animal ape-like instincts and origins, he is the beast in man. Hyde is used to show the reader the evil within us all, he is the essence of evil within us all. Evil is used through Hyde to show appearance and actions of an evil person. In the book, Hyde commits one, possibly two murders. The definite murder was Sir Danvers Carew who Hyde batters to death with a walking stick. The other is a little girl who Hyde trampled over, of which he felt nothing. When he trampled over the girl, he was like an animal. Hyde trampled calmly over the childs body and left her screaming on the groundit was hellish to see. (p14) trampled calmly is an oxymoron, which is something that contradicts itself. You dont imagine trampled and calmly together, you think trampled angrily, ferociously or horribly. He is like an animal a damned juggernaut (p14) like a beast, a monster, just stamping on things, crushing everything as he goes. When he was killing Carew, he was described has having insensitive cruelty (p32), he feels no remorse for what he has done to Danvers Carew. When people see him they want to kill him, his face brings a sweat out like running, (p14) he has a grotesque appearance, downright detestable, I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know why.(p17) He is so ugly, an evil ugly, people cant work out why they hate his appearance, they think he has some sort of deformity, which they cant quite spot, they dont know why they hate his appearance, and they dont know why they want to kill him. Hyde is a short, detestable looking anti-social, brutal, instinctual being, who has no respect for rules. Jekyll is a tall man, very polite, quite a social man, who is very friendly. Hyde slumps along as he walks, he doesnt care about how, or where he walks, he sees himself as a free person, to do what he likes. Jekyll understands the values of Victorian Society. Jekyll is a tall man, friendly, aged. He is the total opposite of Hyde. They are opposites, in every way, apart from mental strength. Everyone in this book as something to hide. People dont want their own Hydes becoming real; Enfield is a very good friend of Utterson, they are also opposite people. Enfield goes out late at night, something a lot of people dont agree with, we never find out what he is doing, but we know he is doing something. He is the man about town. Lanyon is a very good scientist (as is Jekyll) with very good, radical ideas about science. He is afraid about what he might become if he became to good of a scientist. He is afraid of the fame, and of the importance of being such a scientist. He is afraid of what he might discover. Utterson is afraid of what might happen to him if he was to get enjoyment out of things, thats why many people think he is such a boring person, because he doesnt allow himself to experience enjoyment because he is scared of what might happen to him. E.g. He doesnt drink, because he is worried about becoming an alcoholic. Society drives these people to Hyde themselves because they are worried about what might happen to themselves, and how other people reactions. The door is a symbol of evil. It is a symbol of everything that is old and bad in the world. The fact that a door so old rotten and horrible can even be found in Victorian London means that people (like Hyde) of the same nature can be found aswell. The door is very hostile, and people are obviously not supposed to got through it because it has neither bell nor knocker (p13) showing that whoever lives there doesnt want to meet people, and more importantly, doesnt want people to meet him. The door is recognised as a bad place, it is the crowding place of tramps were they sleep in the door. The door is blistered and distained (p13) showing that it is not looked after and that is it old. It is not cared about, it is literally just a way of getting into the house inside. Some people even try to pick at the moulds on the door, to see if they could get them off, no one cares about the people doing this. No one had appeared to drive these random visitors away (p13) no one cares about the door the people around its location. It is used as a doorway to the hell that his Hydes house. It is like a gateway, and as doors are always like the place the door leads to, it shows what he is really like, what the house is really like. It is a symbolic gateway, the exact opposite of the front door, the face of everything that goes on. What people really see. The fog in Jekyll and Hyde is used as a mask to hide away things that people dont want to see/know about in the town. The fog is always present when an event is about to happen in the story, and is always used to show that something evil is happening, or about to happen, it is there around all of the events in the book. When Utterson went up to Jekylls house the air was described as full of dust (p51), even in the house, there was fog in the rooms, the fog began to lie thickly (p37) showing the evil that is present in the house. Which is the other way the fog is used, it is used to show the evil, that is actually is hiding. Another way in which Stevenson builds up tension is the use of pathetic phallacy, the weather reflects, or influences the mood, the weather is always described in a way of describing the mood. So, when evil is about it will be raining, when everything is happy, it will be sunny. In this novel Stevenson makes extensive use of adjectives to describe the main characters. Here are a few with an explanation by them; Enfield is a talkative man, loves enjoying himself, he does things that people dont know about, and what people would think badly of if they knew about them I was coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three oclock (p14) this shows that he does things he is not supposed to. Enfield is a very good friend of Utterson, a distant relation in fact, and the get along very well. Enfield is the man about town, and he enjoys life. This is another form of duplicity, that Enfield lives a double life, but we dont know what it is. Utterson is a man who refuses himself such pleases, as he is afraid about what might happen to himself. He is a boring dull lawyer or is quite ugly. He is however the centrepiece of this book as everything that happens relates to him in someway. Hyde is a small man, who is ugly to look upon He was small and very plainly dressed, (p14) He gave the impression of deformality without any nameable malformation. (p15) He looks unusual but you cant actually recognise what is wrong with him. Hyde is a small man, he doesnt care about anything and he doesnt care about who he upsets or what he does. He just wants to do what he likes. He is an evil person who wants control. He is the hidden part of Dr. Jekyll. Jekyll is an elderly man, who is also a scientist, but a better one the Lanyon. Jekyll is a respectable man who everyone likes, although he has a disagreement with Lanyon about some scientific facts, he is liked by everyone and is very happy, sometimes he looks tired. Streets of Soho are described as dark and dingy during the night, but quite open during the day. They are cobbled streets, and they are all ordered and in a geometric pattern, so everything is straight. The alley to the door is crooked and is always dark, and has a foal smell, it isnt the place for people to be hanging around. fogged city moon. (p13) full of wind and dust. (p40) The laboratory has lots of bottles and equipment lying around, it is a very old, disused, derelict place, very much left, and a few things are broken as if they are done in fits of temper, lumber of crates and bottles. (p41) A doctor and a lawyer are well educated well respected people in Victorian society, they would have been brought up to speak correctly and they would be expected to as they are in a position of authority within the hierarchy of the town. They would have been told to speak in a specific way, a told how to act. Did you ever remark that door? Indeed. (p5) I think that the old style, archaic language isnt used deliberately and is a product of the era in which the book was written. It is the formal style of Victorian England, it is the way things were done in those days, a man of rugged countenance, (p3). It is the style in which we wrote that happens to compliment the mysterious and confusing nature of the book. During the book Hydes speech gets more erratic and more informal as the book goes on, becoming more and more uncivilized. He becomes more and more evil during the book, less and less in control of himself. Tell him I cant see anyone. (p42) that isnt polite or formal at all. First person narrative is a very powerful force in the book, as it gives you a much better insight into what is going on, and it makes us feel as if we are better in touch with the book, as if we are there. Third person is very clever as you are told the story from someone who has already been told it, and you are only given selective pieces of information for good reason, so the story unfold in a order as to make the story much more powerful. I think letters are great because you are reading them as if the characters are reading them, and you read the story at the same times the characters read the letters. In conclusion Stevenson uses a range of techniques and style to convey the development of the story and make the reader feel more in touch with the events in the story. He does this to great effect making you feel as if you are there, a invisible person in the story.

Controversy in Hinduism

Controversy in Hinduism The Householder And The Renunciation Of Ideals Hinduism is one of the major South Asian religions surrounded by controversy about social and religious limits of a person. More importantly there is a divisive tension between the householder ideal and the renunciate ideal in Hinduism. Whereas the householder ideal emphasizes on leading normal social life and undertaking all that it appertains, renunciate ideal on the other hand is more concerned about leading an isolated religious life. This difference constitutes the major source of tension (Kitagawa 13). There is the polarization of the people in terms of severity and sensuality. This difference assumes the form of tension between the ambitions to emancipation and, on the other hand, the heartfelt craving to go through the due stages of social life performing all earthly life. This tension is manifested in Hindu social life in the form of the tension sandwiched between the different goals of an individual and stages of life (ashrama). The comparative importance of an active social life in the householder ideal characterized by the performance of commendable works ( pravrtti ) compared to the abandonment of all earthly interests and activity ( nivrtti ) brews up great debates in Hinduism (Flood 64). There are those minor single sided religions which lay much emphasize on renunciation. However, dharma texts propose that the householder ideal is the way forward. According to Eliade (345), the householder maintains his consecrated fire, procreates brood, and faithfully performs his customary duties perfectly and subsequently earns spiritual worth. The four stages of life (ashramas) contained in Hindu religious texts are a deliberate attempt to harmonize the existing tension in Hinduism. That Hindus ought to go through the various stages which involve part of social and religious undertakings points at the harmonization attempts (Flood 65). According to the doctrine of four stages, an ideal Hindu should become a chaste student, then proceed and become a matrimonial householder. This is the point where he discharges his duties to the long gone ancestors through siring sons. To the gods a person is expected to offer sacrifices at this stage. The next stage of life is retirement, where one withdraws to the forests for devotion to religious contemplation (Thursby and Mittal 392). There are four main stages of life (ashrama) in the life of a Hindu. The first stage is marked by ones state of being a student. This stage (Brahmacharya) is spent in celibacy and absolute isolation. Hindus in this stage are in controlled contemplation through spiritual guidance (Flood 64). The obligatory restrictions in this stage do not allow those in the stage to sample renunciation. The householders stage involves marriage and the satisfaction of karma (responsibilities) in the social and professional undertakings. At this stage a Hindu is supposed to support their parents, siblings and religious figures. These responsibilities cannot allow a Hindu to consider renunciation. At the retirement phase, vanaprastha, Hindus gradually detach from the material world Thursby and Mittal 391). Although this stage involves retirements from many social responsibilities Hindus at the stage are too aged to engage in renunciation. Nevertheless this is the most probable stage during which a person can indulge in religious matters. The last stage known as sannyasa involves complete renunciation of worldly responsibilities and is associated with religious devotion (Flood 64). According to the Bhagavad-Gita the apparent tension between renunciation and the duties of social life is inconsequential. Though the householder ideal is among the social duties a Hindu is expected to undergo, renunciation, done at the right stage in life will not contradict this. An individual is supposed to go through the four stages of life to the latter and this will enable them to go through the two ideal peacefully (Thursby and Mittal 395). Bhagavad-Gita disregards the apparent emphasize and extolling associated with the householder ideal and the associated social responsibilities. There are also those authorities according much importance to the chaste studentship phase of life. The studentship stage though pivotal in the other phases of life of a Hindu is a mere preparations stage. Studentship stage is as important as the other stages in the life of a Hindu (Kitagawa 20). Accomplishing the various responsibilities of a person is a move towards their spiritual well being. Child bearing for instance is a call towards living according to the requirements of the ancestors. This means that for a Hindu to participate in the duties performed by the householder is in itself a move towards satisfying the renunciation ideal. Other responsibilities are directly associated with moving the individual towards the requirements of the religious ideal. These include sacrifices and the observation of rituals which is done at the householder stage (Eliade 347). It is clear that the apparent differences between the householder ideal and the r renunciate ideal creates some form of tension in Hinduism. The householder ideal follows the social responsibilities of a person while the renunciate ideal is for strict adherence to spiritual matters, away from social lives. Though the householder ideal and the renunciate ideal are apparently divergent, they are all means geared towards the same direction. Through the observation of the doctrine of the four stages of life in Hinduism the tension between the two ideals wanes. Understanding both the householder and renunciate ideals is important in understanding the requirements of Hinduism. Works Cited Eliade, Mircea. The Encyclopedia of religion, London, UK: Macmillan, 1987 Flood, Gavin. An introduction to Hinduism, London, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996 Kitagawa, Joseph. Religious traditions of Asia, the: religion, history and culture, London, UK: Routledge Thursby, George and Mittal, Sushil. The Hindu world, London, UK: Routledge, 2004

The Attempts to Present English Art :: English Art Artists England History Essays

The Attempts to Present English Art â€Å"Britain had one century of painting.† Elie Faure’s statement summarizes best what critics, art researchers and collectors haven’t had the space, the heart or the inspiration to say in their restless attempts to present English Art. WHY? To answer this question we must take into account more than history and documents, we must evaluate the essence, the soul of the creator, of the English man. Andrew Crawley describes in his book (â€Å"England†), the English people as being profoundly conservative.The English men feel, instinctively, that the present is not only the creation of the contemporaries, but also the result of the work of many past generations. For them, everything is related to the past, which, thus, becomes the origin of the present. The English man’s being conservative is only a habit, derived from his deep understanding of reality. His practical sense, which has been widely acknowledged, must be attributed to this perception he has on reality. This leads to his native ability of adapting and assimilating the â€Å"new†. The English man is closely related to history and he permanently gains practical advice from it. This kind of peaceful bonding between a people and its history, during these stormy centuries of fight and rebellion (the XVIIIth and the XIXth centuries), which singles out the British people from the other European nations, creates an equilibrium which is incompatible with such artistic manifestations as painting. The practical Puritan spirit refuse painting and, when it finally emerges this mentality makes it lose her way. The English soul subordinates the highest aspirations to material necessities. It extends over the Universe the power of reason; Bacon gives an immediate and practical purpose to knowledge; the merchants organize their own materialistic Republic; â€Å"the Round Heads impose on the Republic their own strict rules. In this world there is no place for painting; the imaginary world of Shakespeare is enough to satisfy and relax its entire soul.

Black Men in Public Spaces Essay

When comparing my essay situation that I wrote about my dad’s run in with racism to Staples essay, one could say that they are both similar and different. In general, their situations were similar because both incidents involved some form of racism. Staples story and my dad’s story both took place in the 1980’s. However, I believe these types of racism are still very much alive. The difference between Staples situation and my dad’s was their responses and how they chose to handle their situations. My father’s story, I felt displayed courage on his part. He didn’t have to act a certain way, change himself, or adapt to his environment to fit in. He did what he needed to do and did not think twice about it. He walked into a diner full of people who stared at him as if he were from another planet. Yet he still went about his business and ordered his food while feeling the piercing stares burn through his flesh. Although he felt uncomfortable bein g the only Asian man in sight, he ignored the staring faces. The differences I found in their situations were that Staples coped with racism by, ‘smothering the rage’ he had to change who he was. This can be perceived in different ways. You can look at this and think that he was a coward who didn’t want to deal with what was in front of him, or you can look at this and think that he was a smart person who had courage to find his own ways to cope. We may not all agree that Staples way of dealing with things is the correct way however, it was the way he chose. He taught himself to take precaution by, allowing room between people in front of him and himself when walking, when he felt that people were uncomfortable, he would, ‘whistle melodies from Beethoven, Vivaldi, and other classical composers’. Instead of dealing with being misperceived as a killer, rapist, or murderer, he adjusted his daily way of life around others. I believe this type of racism towards young male men is common. I am a woman, and am afraid for my life about being raped, killed, or mugged. I grab on tight to the strap of my purse when I am in neighborhoods that are likely targets of purse snatchings. It is very common to hear about women who were raped by ‘young males, wearing jeans, with a sweater and their hands in their pocket’ this is a common description of almost 95% of all young males walking around late in the evening. I can relate to the women because I am a woman and I believe I would have also been afraid just like Staples ‘first victim’ was afraid. She’s a woman, she’s walking alone, walking in a dark alley and a male fitting the  description I stated above is behind her also walking alone. I’ve felt this type of anxiety when walking alone at night, or when I am running alone on a trail. It just isn’t safe being a woman walking alone in this society. If I heard a jogger running, or someone walking behind me whistling, I too w ould be afraid. I believe it was wise for Staples to come up with such a creative solution. He had to do what he felt he needed to in order to survive, in order to not get arrested, or be mistaken for someone he is not and until society changes their stereotype of young African American males, his tactics for coping is a great idea. He goes on to say how ‘black men trade stories like this all time’ because they are misperceived as a killer, rapist, or a mugger, they are automatically put in a position of being in danger. Staples did what he had to do to survive. It’s almost as if he has found a way to add a bit of humor to the situation. I’ve always believed in the saying, ‘You cannot change the things that are thrown your way, or others peoples actions, but what you can change is the way you react to them’. It is easy to say ‘why do I have to change? Why can’t society change, why can’t others change?’ Yes, this maybe the answer of all answers the answer that makes the most sense however, the reality is you can’t change anyone but you can change yourself and your reaction to things. I believe Staples coping strategies with being misperceived, were effective. Staples, and African American male talks of how he would walk the streets at night and would whistle classical music, to ease fears of the people around him who may think he’s a killer, or a mugger. He felt that he had to change his mannerisms and learn to adapt to being misperceived. It’s easy to say, why should Staples change? Why can’t society or everyone else change? Is it Staples responsibility as a young black man to alert the people around him that he is not a threat? Staples also says that ‘black men trade stories like this all the time’ which leads me to believe that society views the majority of African American males as dangerous. What I would do differently would be that I would probably stop going out so late at night. Staples never said in his story why he had to go out so late at night and why he went out alone most of the time. Maybe he worked late,  or had late classes? Whatever his situation, he was unable to avoid going out late at night. In my opinion I think I would tried to avoid the situation completely. I would not go out alone and if were forced too, I would bring a friend or family member with me. It’s hard to say whether I would handle things differently. I am a woman, I am not African American and I don’t feel I can ever relate to what Staples went through but since we cannot change the stereotypes of society, we must change ourselves as a person to not let these situations make us into a bitter person, and our reaction to situations like this.

Childbirth In Ethnic And Cultural Groups Essay

Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births. Describe the impact of extremely low birth weight babies on the family and on the community (short-term and long-term, including economic considerations, on-going care considerations, and comorbidities associated with prematurity). Identify at least (1) support service within your community for preterm infants and their family. Provide the link for your colleagues to view. Does the service adequately address needs of this population? Explain your answer. Babies who weigh 5.5 pounds (2500grams) or less at birth are low babies with low birth weight. Babies weighing 3.3 pounds (1500 grams) or less are Very low birth weight babies. According to World Health Organization â€Å"The 30 million low-birth-weight babies born annually (23.8% of all births) often face severe short- and long-term health consequences. Low birth weight is a major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and also has a long-term impact on health outcomes in adult life. Low birth weight also results in substantial costs to the health sector and imposes a significant burden on society as a whole† (WHO, 2014). The infants born to non-Hispanic Black women, 3.0 percent were very low birth weight in 2008, compared to 1.2 percent of infants born to non- Hispanic White, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander women and 1.3 percent of American Indian/Alaska Native women. The rate of infant mortality (death in the first year) has fallen steadily for both blacks and whites over the past twenty-five years. In 1980, 18 out of 1,000 black singleton babies did not live to their first birthday; by 2000 that figure had fallen to 12 out of 1,000. For white babies the comparable rates were 9 out of 1,000 in 1980 and 5 out of 1,000 in 2000(Reichman, 2005).The majority of costs accrue in the first year of life and costs for rehospitalization are higher than outpatient costs. Most relevant cost components after the neonatal period are expenses for re-hospitalization, outpatient visits, pharmaceuticals, medical aids and nonmedical costs for education, travelling, accommodation, child care as well as indirect costs (mainly parental time and/or wage losses) (Hodek, Schulenburg and Mittendorf, 2011). The local or federal government ought to provide financial assistance to the families while they  are taking care of them. The Alta Bates Summit Medical Center is the local resource I found that provides information about what is premature birth, delivery of you premature infant, what to expect when you have an extremely premature infant and symptoms of the premature baby. http://www.altabatessummit.org/nicuedu/preemie.html Reference World Health Organization, 2014 Nutrition, Feto-maternal nutrition and low birth weight. Retrieved on November 25, 2014 from http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/feto_maternal/en/ Reichman N. 2005. Low Birth Weight and School Readiness Retrieved on November 25, 2014 from http://futureofchildren.org/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=38&articleid=118 §ion id=774 Hodek J., Schulenburg J., Mittendorf T., 2011 Measuring economic consequences of preterm birth Methodological recommendations for the evaluation of personal burden on children and their caregivers Retrieved on November 26, 2014 from http://www.healtheconomicsreview.com/content/1/1/6

Literature research Essay

I found a lot of valuable information from doing my literature research. I was able to see that many people have different answers on how to combat bullying. I also found out very interesting stats on bullying over the past 3 years. They showed me that each year there was an increasing amount of children calling child line about bullying issues compared to the previous years. This is statistical evidence to support my hypothesis, â€Å"bullying is spiralling out of control†. If I had been able to conduct my interview my results would have been much more valid. Valid data is a true picture of what is being measured. From the interview that I did conduct I was able to look at the views of a head teacher who had been in education for many years so was able to see if bullying really was getting worse. She believes that bullying hasn’t got any worse it is just society now has a greater awareness of it. She also says as there is now much more media coverage that gives young people ideas to do different things to people to get attention. This would refute my hypothesis but as this is of only one persons view it is not as valid as I would like. When conducting my questionnaires I had 10 participants for the adult questionnaire and 10 participants for the children’s questionnaire. This was fairly small scale therefore making it lass valid. If I had a longer period of time I would be able to get much more respondents and get them from a wider area making my results more valid and more reliable My results from the adults questionnaire showed me that all the respondents believe that bullying isn’t spiralling out of control its just society has a greater awareness of it. 70% of my respondents were also aware of bullying when they were at school. My questionnaires that I received from the children showed me that they have a lot of knowledge on the subject. All of the children said that bullying had been around for a long time and 0ver half of them thought that it was getting worse. This could be due to the fact that as the get older they are starting to experience more bullying situations and see this as it is due to the fact that bullying is getting worse. In conclusion my results both support my hypothesis ( bullying is spiralling out of control) and refute it. I found supporting evidence for both of these so I cant say which one I believe is true. My questionnaires and interview are supporting evidence for my hypothesis but the literature research shows me strong evidence to refute it especially the statistical evidence I found. Therefore I cant conclude from my research that bullying is spiralling out of control but it is a strong possibility that society is now more aware of it which may make bullying look like it is spiralling out of control with all the recent media attention there has been. If I repeated my research project to make it more valid and reliable I would do a longitudinal survey. With these I would be able to analyse the changes of bullying and make comparisons over time making the results I already have more reliable as I would be able to back them up with these repeated results. I would be able to gain a lot of quantitative data which would enable me to produce more reliable stats and help me to analyse statistical data over a longer period of time. I could also use supervised questionnaires as I would then know that the person that I wanted to fill in the questionnaire actually did making them more valid. A way of getting more respondents to fill my questionnaire within the short space of time that I would have would be to use postal questionnaires. I could cheaply reach a large amount of people making my results more valid. The problem with these is that they have a low response rate (less than 50%). I could also look at bullying from a different angle, to gain a better understanding of it. I could look more at the types of bullying that happen and the different effects it has on the victims. This could give me a deeper insight into the different aspects of bullying and could possibly show me ways in which bullying could be stopped. Bibliography   http://news.bbc.co.uk